丝绸之路，是指西汉（公元前202年一公元8年）时，由张骞出使西域开辟的以长安（今西安）为起点，经甘肃、新疆，到中亚、西亚，并联结地中海各国的陆上通道。因为由这条路西运的货物中以丝绸制品的影响最大，故得此名。汉朝张骞两次出使西域，开辟了中外交流的新纪元。这条东西通路，将中原、西域与阿拉伯、波斯湾紧密联系在一起。

The Silk Road refers to the road opened up by Zhang Qian through his diplomatic mission to Xiyu (the West Region, which, in a narrow sense, covered the area from Dunhuang to Xinjiang and in a broad sense it also covered Central Asia, West Asia and East Europe. The term was used from the Han Dynasty to the 19th century. ) in the West Han Dynasty (202B.C.—8A.D.) , starting from Chang'an (Today's Xi'an) through Gansu and Xinjiang to Central Asia and West Asia and even the countries around the Mediterranean. Since silk was the main product transported westward on it, it was named the Silk Road. Zhang Qian's mission ushered in a new era for Sino-foreign exchanges. The Road connected the Central Plains of China and the West Regions with the Arabian and Persian regions. 

经过几个世纪的不断努力，丝绸之路向西伸展到了地中海。广义上丝路的东段已经到达了朝鲜半岛、日本，西段至法国、荷兰。通过海路还可达意大利、埃及，成为亚洲和欧洲、非洲各国经济文化交流的友谊之路。唐朝时期，往来于丝绸之路的人们也不再仅仅是商人和士兵，为寻求信仰理念和文化交流的人们也逐渐出现在这一时期。中国大量先进的技术通过各种方式传播到其他国家，并接纳相当数量的遣唐使及留学生，让他们学习中国文化。

Through centuries' effort, it was extended to the Mediterranean and in a broad sense, to the Korean Peninsula and Japan in the east and to France and Holland in the west, and even to Italy and Egypt across the sea. It became a road for the economic and cultural exchanges between Asia, Europe and Africa. In the Tang Dynasty (618-907A.D.), not only businessmen and soldiers were seen travelling along the Silk Road, but also those who were seeking their beliefs and the cultural exchanges. Thanks to the Road, a great deal of advanced Chinese technology was spread to other countries in different ways and so many envoys and foreign students were sent to China to study the Chinese culture.

🎈丝绸之路：固定译法为the Silk Road

🎈中国朝代的翻译采用音译和意译结合的策略，如本篇中的“西汉”“唐朝”分别译为the West Han Dynasty 和the Tang Dynasty。

🎈中文人名的翻译采取音译，姓和名分开，不必颠倒其顺序。本篇中的“张骞”要译为Zhang Qian。中文地名也用音译的方法，但要连写。本篇的“长安”和“西安”要译为Chang'an和Xi'an，而“甘肃”和“新疆”则译为Gansu和Xinjiang。

🎈西域：汉代以后对玉门关以西地区的统称。狭义上指今敦煌以西至新疆地区，广义上包括今中亚、西亚、东欧等地，19世纪末以后，此名已不通用。（《现代汉语规范词典》，李行健主编）。翻译该词时，可以先写汉语拼音，然后在括号内用英文解释。拟译如下：Xiyu (the West Region,which, in a narrow sense,covered the area from Dunhuang to Xinjiang and in broad sense, Central Asia, West Asia and East Europe. The term was used from the Han Dynasty to the 19th century. )

🎈波斯湾：the Persian Gulf

🎈张骞出使西域：Zhang Qian's diplomatic mission to Xiyu(但放在上下文中可能要做出调整，具体请看下文相关分析。）

🎈开辟了中外交流的新纪元：英语中经常使用ushered in a new era表示“开辟新纪元”，后面跟介词for,所以整个短语译为：ushered in a new era for Sino-foreign exchanges。

🎈遣唐使：这里可解释为“使节”，故译为envoy。

🎈留学生：此处指到中国来学习的外国学生，所以译为foreign students。

广义上丝路的东段已经到达了朝鲜半岛、日本，西段至法国、荷兰。通过海路还可达意大利、埃及，成为亚洲和欧洲、非洲各国经济文化交流的友谊之路。

🎈这一部分本来是两个句子，但是仔细分析，发现“通过海路还可达意大利、埃及”与前面是并列关系，而“成为亚洲和欧洲、非洲各国经济文化交流的友谊之路”可以看作是总结性的部分。所以在翻译时要注意重新组合句子。拟译为：In a broad sense, it was extended to the Korean Peninsula and Japan in the east and to France and Holland in the west,and even to Italy and Egypt across the sea. It became a road for the economic and cultural exchanges between Asia, Europe and Africa.

丝绸之路，是指西汉（公元前202年一公元8年）时，由张骞出使西域开辟的以长安（今西安）为起点，经甘肃、新疆，到中亚、西亚，并联结地中海各国的陆上通道。

🎈这句话虽然看上去较长，但仔细分析起来却发现只有一个主结构，即“丝绸之路，是指·······的陆上通道”，其他部分均用来修饰“通道”，整句话译作英文时，应该译成一句话，将中文的定语部分也译作英文的定语。拟译如下：The Silk Road refers to the road opened up by Zhang Qian through his diplomatic mission to Xiyu (the West Region, which, in a narrow sense，covered the area from Dunhuang to Xinjiang and in broad sense, Central Asia, West Asia and East Europe. The term was used from the Han Dynasty to the 19th century.)in the West Han Dynasty（202B.C.—8A. D. ) ,staring from Chang'an (Today’s Xi’an) through Gansu and Xinjiang to Central Asia and West Asia and even the countries around the Mediterranean.

中国大量先进的技术通过各种方式传播到其他国家，并接纳相当数量的遗唐使及留学生，让他们学习中国文化。

🎈这句话共说明了两件事情，一个是“中国的技术传播到其他国家”，一个是“相当数量的使节和留学生到中国学习中国文化”，因此可以译成一个并列句。拟译如下：Thanks to the Road, a great deal of advanced Chinese technology was introduced to other countries in different ways and so many foreign envoys and students were sent to China to study the Chinese culture.

重复是中文语篇上下衔接的重要手段之一，这在本篇中也表现得十分明显。第一句话以“丝绸之路”开头，后面几乎每句话都以“这条路”（部分重复）“丝绸之路”“丝路”为主题。但是，翻译为英文时重复或部分重复的“丝绸之路”要译成替代词，大多数情况下可以使用代词it替代。如果出现语义模糊的现象，则可以使用the Road，使用大写字母来表示依然指the Silk Road.现举本篇中的几个例子进行说明：

因为由这条路西运的货物中以丝绸制品的影响最大，故得此名。

🎈该句的上一句属于篇章的开头，译文的主语一定要将“丝绸之路”译为the Silk Road，紧接着的这句话中的主语“这条路”则宜译为代词it。整句话拟译如下：Since silk was the main product transported westward on it, it was named the Silk Road.译文中有两处使用it替代the Silk Road。

这条东西通路，将中原、西域与阿拉伯、波斯湾紧密联系在一起。经过几个世纪的不断努力，丝绸之路向西伸展到了地中海。广义上丝路的东段已经到达了朝鲜半岛、日本，西段至法国、荷兰。通过海路还可达意大利、埃及，成为亚洲和欧洲、非洲各国经济文化交流的友谊之路。

🎈这一部分之前的一句讲的是张骞出使西域，所以翻译这一部分时，开头的“这条东西通路”要译为the Road,而后面提到的“广义上的丝路”则可用代词it。拟译如下：The Road connected the Central Plains of China and the West Regions with the Arabian and Persian regions. Through centuries'effort, it was extended to the Mediterranean and in a broad sense, to the Korean Peninsula and Japan in the east and to France and Holland in the west, and even to ltaly and Egypt across the sea. lt became a road for tbe economic and cultural exchanges between Asia, Europe and Africa.

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