四级写作解析
01 第一套写作
【题目】
Directions: Suppose you are going to write a proposal to your school clinic for improving its service. You are to write about its current problems and possible solutions to these problems. You will have 30 minutes to write the proposal. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
【破题思路】
第一段：开门见山描述问题。运用王菲三八大盖功能段一：现象 / 问题描述功能段；
第二段：对存在的问题进行分别和具体阐述。运用王菲三八大盖功能段二：分析原因；
第三段：总结全文，提出解决办法。运用王菲三八大盖功能段三：解决问题功能段（总-分-总）。
【范文】
Along with the development of society, more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of the most serious problems is the school health system. 【现象 / 问题描述功能段】More students are suffering from mental illness which appeals to the reflection on school clinic.
A number of factors might contribute to the phenomenon. 【分析原因功能段—总原因的阐述】One of the most common factor is 【分析原因功能句】the insufficient attention paid to mental health problem. A considerable number of emphasis usually focus on disease prevention and contagion, which are heavily weighted in favor of physical illness; however, mental problems are overlooked regarding the more obvious physical sickness. Another contributing cause is 【分析原因功能句】the reduced budgets and shortages of physicians and nurses distributed to the school health system. A close examination reveals that nurses in school clinics reportedly performed a narrow range of services than in public clinics. Thus, students’ health cannot be fully taken care of, and professional medical resources cannot be well-matched.
In view of the seriousness of the problem abovementioned, effective measures should be taken. First and foremost, the government should move more public budgets to school clinics. What’s more, people should value and pay prompt attention to teenagers’ mental problems. After all, it is necessary to create a healthy and harmonious environment for the young generations.【解决问题功能段】
02 第二套写作
【题目】
Directions: Suppose you are going to write a proposal to your school library for improving its service. You are to write about its current problems and possible solutions to these problems. You will have 30 minutes to write the proposal. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
【破题思路】
第一段：开门见山描述问题。运用王菲三八大盖功能段一：现象 / 问题描述功能段；
第二段：对存在的问题进行分别和具体阐述。运用王菲三八大盖功能段二：分析原因；
第三段：总结全文，提出解决办法。运用王菲三八大盖功能段三：解决问题功能段（总-分-总）。
【范文】
Along with the development of society, more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of the most serious problems is the school libraries. 【现象 / 问题描述功能段】More students are complaining about the understaffing and inadequate resources of service.
A number of factors might contribute to the phenomenon. 【分析原因功能段—总原因的阐述】One of the most common factor is 【分析原因功能句】the inflexible physical library space to change with the needs of students and staff. It is also too small to cope with rising student numbers. Another contributing cause is 【分析原因功能句】the reduced budgets and shortages of staff distributed to the school libraries. A close examination reveals that librarians reportedly performed a narrow range of services to offer new programs and initiatives.
In view of the seriousness of the problem abovementioned, effective measures should be taken. First and foremost, the government should move more public budgets to school libraries. What’s more, people should value and pay prompt attention to librarians’ qualification. After all, it is necessary to create a healthy and harmonious environment for the young generations.【解决问题功能段】
03 第三套写作
【题目】
Directions: Suppose you are going to write a proposal to your student u nion for enriching students extracurricular activities. You are to write about what activities to organize and why. You will have 30 minutes to write the proposal. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words
【破题思路】
第一段：开门见山描述问题。运用王菲三八大盖功能段一：现象 / 问题描述功能段；
第二段：对存在的问题进行分别和具体阐述。运用王菲三八大盖功能段三解决问题功能段（总-分-总）；
第三段：总结全文，提出解决办法。运用王菲三八大盖功能段之六：展望未来功能段。
【范文】
Extracurricular activities provided by student unions have attracted extensive attention from society, which can be found in newspapers, in university classes, and in many aspects of our everyday life.【现象 / 问题描述功能段】More students are looking forward to a rich and varied campus life.
Confronted with the imbalance of English speaking and reading, our student u nion organizers should take a series of effective measures to cope with it. They can advocate English Corner to introduce students’ interests in spoken English. After all, it is necessary to equip with excellent communication skills in English both oral and written. What’s more,【解决问题功能段】 more opportunities should be available to practice our presentation skills and improve our spoken English level.
Extracurricular activities are crucial for every individual. With its seemingly magic power, it can not only enrich the variety of campus life, but serve as an efficient instrument for individuals to realize students’ goals in social life, study and communication.【展望未来功能段】
四级翻译解析
01 第一套翻译
【原文】
从前，有个农夫正在地里耕作，突然看见一只兔子飞奔而过，撞在一棵大树上死了。农夫毫不费力就吃到了兔肉，心里非常高兴。他想，“如果总是这样该多好啊!”于是，不再耕作，每天守候在那棵树旁，等待着能再捡到撞死在树上的兔子。他等呀等，等了一天又一天，田地也荒芜了，却再也没有等到第二只兔子。人们因而都嘲笑他把偶然当成必然。
【参考译文】
Once upon a time, a farmer was plowing his field when he suddenly saw a rabbit darting past and crashing into a large tree and dying. The farmer had no trouble eating the rabbit and was overjoyed. He thought, "How wonderful it would be if it were always like this!" So he stopped plowing and waited by the tree every day, waiting for another rabbit to be picked up from the tree. He waited and waited, day after day. The field was deserted, but he never got a second rabbit. Therefore, people laughed at him for taking the chance for granted.
02 第二套翻译
【原文】
从前有个农夫嫌他种的禾苗长得慢，就到地里把禾苗一株株地拔高了一点。回家后他对家人说:“今天可真把我累坏了!但我总算让禾苗一下子长高了。”他儿子到地里去一看，禾苗都已经死光了。
现在有些家长急于让孩子成功，往往步那个农夫的后尘，搞得孩子苦不堪言，却不见孩子学业长进。这样时家民是自该对这个问题有所醒悟，让孩子自然成长呢?
【参考译文】
Once upon a time, a farmer thought his seedlings were growing slowly, so he went to the field and pulled them up a bit. When he got home, he said to his family, "I've had a long day! But I finally got the saplings to grow taller all at once." His son walked out into the field and saw that the saplings had all died.
Today, some parents are so anxious for their children to succeed that they often follow in the footsteps of that farmer, making their children suffer, but not seeing them grow academically. Should they not wake up to this problem and let their children grow up naturally？
03 第三套翻译
【原文】
从前有个人养了一群羊。一天早上他准备出去放羊，发现少了一只。他仔细一看，看到羊栏上有个窟窿。显然，夜间有狼钻进羊圈叼走了羊。
邻居劝他修羊栏，可是他不听。
第二天，他发现狼又通过窟窿叼走一只羊。他想起邻居的话，就赶快堵上窟窿，把羊栏补好。此后，他的羊再也没有被狼叼走。
故事告诉我们，问题出了及时补救，可以防止蒙受更大损失。
【参考译文】
Once upon a time, there was a man who had a flock of sheep. One morning he was about to go out to herd the sheep when he noticed that one was missing. He looked closely and saw a hole in the sheepfold. Apparently, a wolf had gotten into the sheepfold during the night and taken the sheep.
The neighbour advised him to fix the sheepfold, but he didn't listen.
The next day, he found that the wolf had taken another sheep through the hole. Remembering his neighbour's words, he quickly closed the hole and repaired the sheepfold. After that, his sheep were never taken by wolves again.
The story tells us that remedying problems in time can prevent further losses.
四级听力解析
01 第一套听力
【Section A】
News Report 1
(1) A new study finds that beverages containing, added sugar might be harmful in the study.
Researchers analyzed information from over 80,000 women and 37,000 men participants worked in the health profession. (1)They were followed for approximately three decades. They completed surveys about their diet every four years.
They also answered questions about sleep and exercise and health. Every two years, the more beverages containing added sugar that people drank the greater their risk of death was during the study period. These beverages included soda, energy, drinks, and sports drinks. Beverages like pure fruit juice, which are sweet, but do not contain added sugar were not part of the study. The findings held even after the researchers considered other factors that could affect people's health. These factors included lack of exercise and not eating enough vegetables. They also included, consuming too much meat. The scientists say that their results support limiting beverages with added sugar, (2) they argue we should replace them with other drinks, with water, being the best choice. However, the researchers admit this is simply their recommendation. The study found only in association. It did not prove that drinks with added sugar cause early death.
Q1.
What do we learn about the news study from the news report?
Q2.
What is the scientist's recommendation?
KEYS:
1) A. It ran for as long as some thirty years.
2) D.Drinking water instead ofbeverages with added sugar.
News Report 2
German police appealed Friday for information about the possible owners of two 17th century oil paintings. (3) Police said a 64-year-old man found the paintings in a garbage pile at a highway rest stop last month. He later handed them in to the cologne police. (4) An initial assessment by an art expert concluded the two framed paintings were originals, police said. One is a landscape painted by the Italian artist, Youdao dating to 1665. The other is a painting of a boy by the 17th century Dutch artist, Youdao Van Hook, date unknown. That combined worth is estimated to be around 1 million Euros.
Authorities have not yet confirmed what will happen if the rightful owner is not found, nevertheless, it is speculated that they could either be handed over to the national art museum of cologne or sold to the public by the local government.
Q3.
What did German police say about a 64-year-old man?
Q4.
What is the art expert's conclusion about the two framed paintings?
KEYS:
3) B. He found 2 17th-century oil paintings.
4) A. They are originals.
News Report 3
A 4-yo girl has walked 8 kilometers through a snowy forest (5) to seek help for her sick grandmother who later died of a heart attack.
The young girl braved the threat of bears, wolves and temperatures far below freezing. She made the journey through a remote region in Siberia after waking up to find her grandmother motionless.
Named locally as Youdao, she lives alone with her elderly grandmother and her blind grandfather. As a result, (6) the girl's mother is facing a criminal case. She stands accused of leaving a minor in danger in the care of the elderly. She also faces investigation from childcare services who will also be asking why Loinbo was left alone with her vulnerable relatives.
The journey took place in February when temperatures average -25°C. Russian reports on social media suggest the first may have been as cold as -34°C.
The journey was only recently confirmed by authorities,
(7) but though she was suffering from the effects of extreme cold,
the child reportedly suffered no life-threatening effects.
Last year, a 3yo boy survived alone for 3 days in a remote forest in the same region.
Q5. What did the 4yo girl attempt to do?
Q6. What do we learn from the news report about the girl's mother?
Q7. What happened to the little girl according to the news report?
KEYS：
5) D Save her sick grandmother. (视听一致)
6) C She has to face a criminal charge (视听一致)
7) A She suffered from the effects of severe cold. (视听一致 + 同替)
【Section B】
Conversation 1
W: I've made a new friend recently. Her name is Youdao and she's from South Africa.
M: How did you meet her?
W: We met over SnapChat. (8) She has very cool photos on her social media, the photos of her hometown look amazing.
M: What's her hometown called?
W: It's called Cape town. It's in the Southwest of South Africa. She says it's very green and windy. The city was built by European settlers and (9) there's a big mountain that overlooks the city. The mountain is called “Table Mountain”, because it's flat at the top.
M: That sounds interesting. What are the people there like?
W: Well, Susan says, South Africa is very mixed. There are black people and white people and Indian people. (10) Susan is white. She says her ancestors were from Britain. Many languages are spoken in South Africa, but she only speaks English.
M: Didn't South Africa host the football world cup a few years ago? They must play football a lot then, right?
W: (11) I think they play football, but it's not as popular as rugby.
M: Rugby? What's rugby?
W: (11) Rugby is a sport with two teams and the players carry the ball in their arms and throw it at each other. The ball is not round, and the players push each other. I don't really understand the rules. I think it's very complicated.
M: That sounds like a very strange sport indeed. Is it only South Africa that plays it?
W: No, it's also popular in Britain and in other former British colonies like Youdao and New Zealand.
Q8.
What does the woman say about her new friend Youdao?
Q9.
What does the woman say about Table Mountain?
Q10.
What do we learn from the conversation about the women's friend Youdao?
Q11.
What does the woman say about rugby in South Africa?
KEYS:
8) C）She has just returned from her hometown.
9) A）It has a flat surface at the top.
10) C）She has British ancestors.
11) D) It is more popular than football.
Conversation 2
M: Hi, Jennifer. I'm really struggling with this semester's workload. Do you have any advice?
W: (12) Have you considered making a study guide? It's a tool you can make yourself to take the stress out of studying. I've been using one since the start of last semester, and it has really helped relieve a lot of study.
M: Sounds like just what I need. (13) My main problem is that my study folder is full of notes and worksheets and is badly disorganized, I don't know where to start.
W: Okay. Well, the main thing is to have everything in the right place, whatever you are reviewing, it's important that it's arranged for your particular needs of that subject, and in the most user friendly way you can, what kind of learner are you?
M: Hmm, I'm not sure.
W: Well, visual learners prefer using images, pictures, colors, and maps to organize information; logical learners, have a linear mind and would rather use logic, reasoning and systems. (14) I'm an emotional learner, which means I need to connect to information emotionally to understand it.
M: oh. I'm very much dependent on vision as a way of taking in information.
W: Well, (15) I suggest re-organizing your notes using color-coded sections in your study guides or using idea mapping to lay out the information and make it more quickly accessable.
M: So you think I should arrange my notes using color and pictures in place of text?
W: Yes. You'll probably start to grasp information a lot quicker that way. As an emotional learner, I organize my notes into a story that I can connect to and recite to myself.
M: That's amazing. I didn't know there was so many different ways to learn.
Q12.
What does the woman advise the man do?
Q13.
What is the biggest problem the man has with his studies?
Q14.
What kind of learner does the woman say she is?
Q15.
What does the woman think the man can do with his notes?
KEYS:
12) C Prepare a study guide.
13) B His study folder is badly disorganized.
14) D An emotional learner.
15) C Arrange them using color and pictures.
【Section C】
Passage 1
(16) The golden rule is a moral principle, which states that you should treat others the way you want to be treated yourself. For example, if you want people to treat you with respect, you should treat them with respect. Different people tend to be exposed to different forms of the golden rule. Based on factors, such as the religion in their society.
However, all forms of the golden rule revolve around the same concept. Normally they help you treat others better by using the way you yourself would want to be treated as a guide of how to behave. (17) A notable criticism of the golden rule is that its application can lead to undesirable outcomes, when it conflicts with laws and ethical principles.
For example, if someone breaks the law, the golden rule would suggest that we should let them go because we would not want to be punished ourselves. However, this issue with the golden rule can be dealt with in a general manner. By viewing this principle as one of several principles that we use to guide our behavior as individuals and as a society. Specifically, in the example described above, most individuals and societies choose to place laws and ethical principles above the golden rule.
(18) This means that they strive to implement the golden rule whenever possible, as long as it doesn't clash with a more important concept.
Q16.
What do we learn from the passage about the golden rule?
Q17.
What is a notable criticism of the golden rule?
Q18.
What does the example of someone breaking the law serve to show?
KEYS:
16) B It is a moral principle to guide people's behavior. (同义替换)
17) A It may sometimes produce undesirable outcomes. (同义替换 + 视听一致)
18) A The golden rule must sometimes give way to more important principles. (同替)
Passage 2
Today, many large corporations stress the importance of diversity on their websites.(19) But current statistics show that the typical manager in America still tends to be white and male. Obviously, the desire to bring about diversity has not translated into corporate reality. Why is this? (20) A team of researchers from the university of Basel published their new study about people's attitudes towards diversity at work, they found that people have a wide range of opinions concerning diversity.
On the one hand, many see value in diversity, which can contribute a variety of perspectives, encourage new ideas and generate innovative solutions. On the other hand, they assume that it might be difficult to work with someone who has completely different views, speaks a different language, or has a different style of work. The actual value they attribute to diversity depends on the decision making perspective, doubts about the practicability of diversity have a greater weight if a person is directly affected. （21）In other words, when a person's own work group is involved, they tend to prefer team members who are similar to themselves.
But when people make decisions for others, they typically put together a more diverse team. These findings could help organizations become more diverse. Companies need to pay attention to who makes hiring and team decisions. (21) These decisions should not only be made by those directly affected. People who are not directly involved in the group's daily work should also take part.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q19.
What do we learn from the current statistics about diversity in large corporations?
Q20.
What is the newly published study focused on?
Q21.
What do the findings of the new study show?
KEYS:
19) C. They have not seen as much diversity as dedired.
20) B. People's attitudes towards diversity at the workplace.
21) D. People prefer to work with team members similar to themselves.
Passage 3
Communication can essentially be divided into two categories, the written and the spoken. How the balance is struck between these two forms of communication? The point at which one needs to be exchanged for another learning depends on individual cultures. (22) Understanding when it's appropriate to exchange one form for another can be a major key to success in international business.
Many cultures place a much greater value on the spoken word than the American working culture does. (23) In parts of the middle east, you'll find spoken word agreements are seen as seriously binding. A person's word is linked to their honor. So verbal agreements are seen as important. Whereas written contracts are taken as memos of understanding.
(24) Western working culture tends to place a high value on the written word, and this reaches its highest level of intensity when it comes to contracts. In the US, France and Germany, written contracts tend to be seen as something that must be strictly carried out. By contrast, other cultures may not see written contracts as quite so binding.
It can prove a challenge to Western businesses, if your business partner wants to renegotiate terms that you thought were already agreed on. (24) For example, a Japanese firm may have signed a contract. But they may not feel bound by every detail of it, particularly if circumstances later change. Such differences in value that different working cultures place on the written word tend to cause many problems when it comes to business relationships.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q22.
What is a major key to success in international business according to the passage?
Q23.
What does the passage say about spoken word agreements in some middle east countries?
Q24.
What do we learn about the Western working culture?
Q25.
How does a Japanese firm tend to view a written contract?
KEYS:
22) D Changing one's form of communication from time to time.
23) A They are regarded as seriously binding.
24) D It places a high value on written contracts.
25) C Its terms may not be strictly binding.
四级阅读解析
01 第一套阅读
【Section A 选词填空】
文章第一句（If you've ever looked at the ingredients list while grocery shopping, chances are you've seen the term "natural flavors".）
26.M.second
27.A acknowledge
28. F differ
29. D counterparts
30. K particular
31. N sources
32. H extracted
33. J necessarily
34. E defined
35. C contains
【Section B 段落匹配】
36.C.
The problem has ballooned in the last 10 years, with frauds becoming more and more sophisticated……
37.H.
Nick Cooper,the founder and co-owner ofvilla booking company Villa Plus, estimates his company has uncovered more than 200 fake villa websites over the past two years……
38.E.
With such a degree of professionalism, how can consumers find out if the website they're looking to book with is trustworthy……
39.A.
During the British winter, the thought of two weeks in a coastal villa (别墅) with
soul-stirring views of the sea and a huge pool to enjoy is enough to ofset(抵消) the labor until the holidays start……
40.K.
“I tried logging on to the website and couldn't,"she recalls. "I Googled the agent's name and there were lots of complaints about him being a fraudster……
41.F.
Little seems to be known about these fraudsters.“There is no way to definitely know who they are," says Neate……
42.G.
“By working with industry partners such as ABTA and Get Safe Online, we are able to issue alerts about the latest threats they should be aware of……
43.I.
For now the only way to stop fraudsters appears uitimately to lie in the hands of the
consumer……
44.E.
With such a degree of professionalism, how can consumers find out if the website they're looking to book with is trustworthy……
45.D.
Fraudsters target popular seaside destinations for British tourists visiting Spain where prices can soar if demand exceeds supply. Prices are kept within reasonable ranges to avoid arousing suspicion……
【Section C 仔细阅读】
Passage 1
文章第一句（Social media can be a powerful communication tool for employees,helping them to collaborate, share ideas and solve problems.）
46-50:ABCBC
46.A) Most employees think positively of it.
47.B) It does much harm to employee loyalty
48.C) It has much to do with whom employees interact with.
49.B) Most of them explored new job opportunities.
50.C)Acknowledge employeesachievements through social mediangirobeo anibadant
Passage 2
51-55:BDADA
（具体内容正在解析中）
02 第二套阅读
【Section A 选词填空】
文章第一句（You might think of your teeth as tools, like built-in knives and forks, but if they are mer tools, why do they feel pain and wouldn’t it be better if they could just26under any condition?）
26 C chew
27.G dental
28. F defense
29. O underneath
30. E continue
31. A adult
32. L replace
33. D contains
34. N triggered
35. B associated
【Section B 段落匹配】
-
G
-
D
-
M
-
A
-
F
-
K
-
E
-
I
-
C
-
J
（具体内容正在解析中）
【Section C 仔细阅读】
Passage 1
46-50
BADCD
46.B) They are unmotivated to learn.
47.A) They are made convenient to mark.
48.D) They provide little chance for students to build relationships with each other
49.C) Some students may have difficulty attending them.
50.D) Cultivation ofanalytical thinking abilityot
Passage 2
51-55
ABCBC
51.A) Help the public to better understand science.
52.B) It might breed public distrust in modern medicine.
53.C) Debates about science are accessible to the public anyway
54.B) Embrace it with open arms.
55.C) It is a dynamic and self-improving process.
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